grabpopla.blogg.se - Punjabi language

Sample text in Eastern Punjabi (Gurmukhi alphabet) Information about the Shahmukhi / Punjabi alphabet (in Punjabi) The chart below shows the Shahmuki script with Gurmukhi equivalents

Short vowels are written with: َ a, ُ u, ِ i.

ے (bari ye) is only found in the final position, when writing the sounds e or ai, and in initial and medial positions, it takes the form of ي.

In initial and medial positions they are written with ن.

The sounds ñ, ng and ṇ are all written with ں (nun ghunna).

Writing direction: right to left in horizontal lines.

The chart below shows the Shahmuki script with Gurmukhi equivalents. It is also known as the Punjabi alphabet. The Shahmukhi alphabet currently used was developed in Pakistan in 2016. The name Shahmukhi means "from the King's mouth". It is normally written in Nastaʿlīq style and has been used since the 11th century. The Shahmukhi alphabet is a version of the Persian alphabet used to write Punjabi in Pakistan. More numbers in Punjabi Shahmukhi alphabet ( شاہ مکھی)

The conjuncts ਗ੍ਹ (gha), ਜ੍ਹ (jha), ਡ੍ਹ (ḍha), ਦ੍ਹ (dha) and ਬ੍ਹ (bha) have a level tone when at the beginning or a word of syllable, and a low rising tone when elsewhere. The letters ਹ (ha), ਘ (gha), ਝ (jha), ਢ (ḍha), ਧ (dha) and ਭ (bha) have a level tone when at the beginning or a word of syllable, and a high falling tone when elsewhere. Punjabi is a tonal language with three tones: high falling, low rising and level.When certain consonants occur together, special conjunct symbolsĪre used which combine the essential parts of each letter.When they appear at the beginning of a syllable, vowels are written.Diacritics, which can appear above,īelow, before or after the consonant they belong to, are used to change Writing direction: left to right in horizontal lines.Type of writing system: Abugida / Syllabic Alphabet.The name Gurmukhi means "from the mouth of the Guru"Īnd comes from the Old Punjabi word guramukhī. Standardised during the 16th century by Guru Angad Dev Ji, the second The Gurmukhi alphabet developed from the Landa alphabet and was Most widely-spoken language but has no official status. Punjabi is one of India's 22 official languages and it is the first ماجھ), which is named after the Majha region The written standard for Punjabi inīoth India and Pakistan is known as Majhi (ਮਾਝੀ/ Pakistan it is written with a version of the Urdu alphabet known as

In India Punjabi is written with the Gurmukhi It is also known as Lahanda, Lahnda or Lahndi. Western Punjabi is spoken by about 92.7 million people (in 2015), mainly in Punjab province in Pakistan, and also in Punjab state and Jammu and Kashmir state in India. There are also speakers of Eastern Punjabi in Nairobi in Kenya, and in Singapore. There are two main varieties of Punjabi: Eastern Punjabi and Western Punjabi, each of which has a number of dialects.Įastern Punjabi is spoken by about 32.6 million people (in 2011), mainly in India in the states of Punjab, Chandigarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Kammu and Kashmir, and Rajasthan. Punjabi descended from the Shauraseni language of medieval northern India and became a distinct language during the 11th century. Status: official status in the Indian states of Punjab, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Delhi secondary officially recognized language in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, and West Bengal and in the Pakistani provinces of Punjab, Azad Kashmir, Islamabad Capital Territory, Rajasthan, and Uttarakhand.Writing system: Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi scripts.Spoken in: India, Pakistan, the UK, USA, UAE, Canada, Saudi Arabia and Australia.Language family: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central.